Engineering design is often faced with uncertainties, making it difficult to determine an optimal design. In an unconstrained context, this amounts to choose...

The transmission of the contagious COVID-19 is known to be highly dependent on individual viral dynamics. Since the cycle threshold (Ct) is the only semi-qua...

The spread of an infectious disease such as COVID-19 is governed by complex social interactions that are challenging to model. Policy makers must take measur...