Tourism is a major contributor to South Africa’s economy. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, it accounted for about 8.6% of national GDP. Nature reserves play an ...

This paper introduces a two-stage stochastic quadratic knapsack problem (TSSQKP) with uncertainty in both profits and weights. To overcome the computational ...

The Batch Pan Scheduling Problem represents a major operational challenge in white sugar refineries, where production planning must balance throughput object...